Furring clip and flush runner assembly



Aug. 8, 1967 G. A. HOFFMANN, JR 3,334,455

FURRING CLIP AND FLUSH RUNNER ASSEMBLY Original Filed May 16, 1962 4sheets-Sheet 1 INVENTOR. 660/ 2 r4. fiafimaw; Jr:

Aug. 8, 1967 c. A. HOFFMANN, JR 3,334,455

FURRING CLIP AND FLUSH RUNNER ASSEMBLY 4 Sheets-Sheet 2 Original FiledMay 16, 1962 INVENTOR. George 4. //0fi 7?a/m, Jr.

hgwv 4 rro RNE Y5.

g 1967 c. A. HOFFMANN, JR 3,334,455

FURRING CLIP AND FLUSH RUNNER ASSEMBLY 4 Sheets-Sheet Original Filed May16, 1962 k7 INVENTOR.

Geo/ye A f/affmmqJ: BY 1 W W 4 Sheets-Sheet 4 G. A. HOFFMANN, JR

FURRING CLIP AND FLUSH RUNNER ASSEMBLY INVENTOR. George A; flafifwa/r/y/n BY K MJJMZow ATTORNEYS.

Original, Filed May 16, 1962 Aug. 8, 1967 United States Patent 1 Claim.c1. 52-718) This is a continuation of Ser. No. 195,679, filed May 16,1962 and now abandoned, entitled, Adjustable Panel Board SuspensionSystem.

This invention relates to ceiling panel suspension systems and refersmore particularly to the frame support member thereof.

An object of the invention is to provide an adjustable panel boardsuspension system which will permit the installation of a panel typeceiling flush or below obstructions such as pipe, ducts, electricalconduits, etc.

Another object of the invention is to provide furring clip-runnerconstruction combinations which cooperate to furr below mechanicalobstructions or can be used in conjunction with standard wood furringstrips to drop the ceiling supported thereby below ducts, beams, etc.

Another object of the invention is to provide an adjustable furring clipand runner track combination wherein the said furring clip may beinserted in the track for installation with its body either parallel orperpendicular to the framing member, thus permitting connection of aclip to a joist or the like with the track either parallel to or normalto the joist.

Another object of the invention is to provide an adjustable furring cliphaving means integral therewith for temporarily securing the clip to theframing members before final alignment of the system and nailingvAnother object of the invention is to provide an adjustable furring cliphaving stop means integral therewith, which means provide a positivestop for installing the ceiling flush to the framing members, the stopmeans also providing a guide for securing the clip at a 45 angle to woodfurring strips whereby to accurately install exterior runner tracks.

Another object of the invention is to provide an adjustable furring clipwhich may be employed to engage and cooperate with a variety of runnertrack constructions in a ceiling panel suspension system.

Another object of the invention is to provfde a wide variety of usefulrunner track constructions, each of which will cooperate with a singletype of furring cl p.

Another object of the invention is to provide an adjustable panel boardsuspension system utilizing adjustable furring clips, a variety ofrunner track constructions engageable therewith, corner track engagementmeans and means to secure a cross T between two runner tracks.

Another object of the invention is to provide an adjustable panel boardsuspension system which is adaptable for both a rigid and semi-rigidpanel, the latter type panel being more suitable and desirable becauseit can be snapped into place between in-place suspension members.

Another object of the invention is to provide an adjustable panel boardsuspension which may be used in basements where ceiling obstructionssuch as pipes, beams and ducts can be boxed in using internal andexternal corner supports.

Another object of the invention is to provide such a suspension systemwhich may be used by the home owner, who is not a skilled mechanic, andwho has no special tools.

Other and further objects of the invention will appear in the course ofthe following description thereof.

ice

In the drawings, which form a part of the instant specification and areto be read in conjunction therewith, embodiments of the invention areshown and, in the various views, like numerals are employed to indicatelike parts.

FIG. 1 is a perspective view from above of a furring clip engaged in aflush runner member adapted to support insulation tiles or panels, theengagement such that the runner would be oriented perpendicular to thejoist surface carrying the clip.

FIG. 2 is a fragmentary view showing the same type furring clip as inFIG. 1 engaged with a flush runner of like type in such manner that thelatter would run parallel to the joist surface carrying the furringclip.

FIG. 3 shows the engagement, in a perspective view from above, of thesubject furring clip with an interior runner member in such manner thatthe latter would run perpendicular to the joist surface supporting thefurring clip.

FIG. 4 is a view similar to that of FIG. 3 showing a perspective viewfrom above, the subject furring clip engaged with an interior runnermember in such manner that the latter would run parallel to the joistsurface supporting the furring clip.

FIG. 5 is a perspective view from above showing the subject furring clipengaged with an exterior runner memher in such manner that the latterruns perpendicular to the joist surface supporting the furring clip.

FIG. 6 is a perspective view from above of an intersection between twoflush runner members with a connecting member engaging the two runners.

FIG. 7 is a view taken along the line 7--7 of FIG. 6 in the direction ofthe arrows.

FIG. 8 is a perspective view from above of a typical ceilingconstruction showing a panel suspension system arranged with respect tothe ceiling joists, I-beams and other ceiling structures with aplurality of the subject furring clips engaging the several types ofrunner members illustrated in the previous views in such manner as tosuspend ceiling boards, panels or tiles whereby to provide a flush orfurred roof or ceiling.

FIG. 9 is a perspective view from above of a somewhat modified form of afurring clip engaged in a modified form of flush furring channel memberadapted to support insulation tiles or panels, the engagement: such thatthe channel would be oriented or extend perpendicular to the joistsurface carrying the clip, analogous to the FIG. 2 engagement.

FIG. 10 is a perspective view from above of the furring clip of FIG. 9engaged in a modified form of interior furring channel member in suchmanner that the latter would run parallel to the joist surfacesupporting the furring clip, analogous to the engagement in FIG. 4.

FIG. 11 is a perspective view from above showing the modified furringclip of FIGS. 9 and 10 engaged with an exterior runner member or furringchannel like that shown in FIG. 5 in such manner that the latter runs.

parallel to the joist or other surface supporting the said furring clip,the full line showing of the clip before bend ing of the body of thesame to engage the joist or other support surface, the dotted lineshowing after bending thereof and in said engagement.

FIG. 12 is a perspective view from above of an interior and exteriorcorner member, shown centrally of the view, exploded from its endengagement with an exterior furring channel (see FIG. 11) and aninterior furring channel (on the left in the view, see FIG. 10).

FIG. 13 is an end view of a typical ceiling construction.

showing a panel suspension system arranged with respect to the ceilingjoists, I-beams and other ceiling structures with a plurality of thefurring clips of the types shown in FIGS. 9-12, inclusive, engaging theseveral types of runner or channel members in the same figures in suchmanner as to suspend ceiling boards, panels or tiles therefrom wherebyto provide a furred roof or ceiling.

Turning to the drawings, and particularly FIG. 1, at 20 is generallydesignated a furring clip. Clip 2t) has an elongate flat metallic stripupper body portion 20a with parallel longitudinal edges, an intermediatebody portion 20b of lesser width than the upper body portion andconnected to the lower end thereof, and a lower body portion made up ofa pair of opposed, primary ears 20c and 20d which extend insubstantially the same place, one on each side of the intermediate bodyportion 20b and substantially normal thereto. Ears 20c and 20d are of acombined width greater than the width of the intermediate body portion20b and preferably have a combined length equal to their combined width.The combined width of the ears is also preferably substantially equal tothe width of the upper body portion. Ears 20c and 20d are preferablyrectangular in form. Upper body portion 20a has a vertical row ofperforations 21 centrally thereof and ex tending substantially from thetop to the bottom thereof spaced equi-distant from one another.

A pair of secondary ears 22 are connected to or integral with the loweredge of body portion 20 and extend substantially normal thereto on oneside of the said upper body portion 20a. Bars 22, as shown, arepreferably the lower rectangular edges of body portion 20a bent on a 45bias from the longitudinal axis of the clip whereby to provide pointedtips thereon. A pair of tertiary ears 23 may be formed integral withupper body portion 20a, or attached thereto, and extend normal to thesame face or upper body portion 20a that ears 22 extend from. Ears 23a,in the modification of the clip shown in FIGS. 1-8, inclusive,preferably are positioned centrally of the upper edge of body portion20a, the upper edge portions 24 outboard thereof preferably bevelled atan approximate 45 angle. Ears 23 are preferably pointed.

Reference is now made to the flush runner or furring channel 25 engagedby primary clip ears 20c and 200. in FIGS. 1 and 2. It should be notedthat FIGS. 1 and 2 are identical with respect to the runner or channelstructure, the only difference being in that the body portion of theclip is turned 90 between the two views. Thus, in FIG. 1, the flushrunner, generally designated 25, will extend normal to the joist orother surface carrying body portion 20a, while in FIG. 2, the flushrunner 2 will extend parallel to said surface.

At any rate, flush runner or channel 25 comprises an elongate flat stripof metal 25a of uniform width having crimped or formed over side edges25b and 250. Edges 25b and 250 are of equal width and positioned overthe same side of strip 25a whereby to provide two channels thereunderoperative to receive clips c and 20d. The width of strip a to itsupturned edges, under the same, is preferably only very slightly greaterthan the combined width or length of clip ears 20c and 20d whereby toprovide a sliding but rigid fit therewith. Ears 20c and 20d are insertedin the channels created by overturned edges 25b and 25c by rotating intoposition. (The ears disengage at 45 and engage at 0 or 90.) The heightof the channels between strip 25a and the opposed surfaces of edges 25band 250 is preferably only very slightly greater than the thickness ofears 20c and 20d whereby to provide a sliding yet friction fittherewith.

FIGS. 3 and 4 show engagement of furring clip 20, in the two alternatepositions, with an interior runner or furring channel generallydesignated 26. Thus, in FIG. 3, clip 20 is engaged so that the interiorrunner or channel extends normal to the surface mounting body portion20a of the clip, while the reverse is true in FIG. 4.

Runner or channel 26 comprises an L-shaped member in transverse crosssection having one leg of the L, 26a, connected at one edge thereof tothe elongate side edge of the other leg 26b. A pair of overturned edges26c and 26d are provided at the side edges of strip 26b on the ex- 4terior surface of the L. The width of strip 26b is as described relativeto the width of strip 25. The width of the overlying portions of edges26c and 26d, as is the case in the overlying portions of edges 25b and250, must not be greater than the lateral extension of clip ears 20c and20d from the side edges of intermediate body portion 20b of clip 20. Itmay be seen that edge 26d is most easily provided by having leg 2611 afolded or double sheet with the free edge of the longer side of thefolded sheet providing edge 26d. The entire runner may be made of asingle elongate strip of metal or extrusion by forming as is shown inFIGS. 3 and 4 or it may be extended in a single piece. The latterapplies to all furring channels in FIGS. 1-8, inclusive.

In FIGS. 91 1, inclusive, and 13 are shown a modification of the furringclip of the earlier figures which is generally designated 20. Like partsto the parts of furring clip 20 are numbered the same, but primed.Differences will now be described. Thus, upper body portion 20a hassecondary and tertiary ears 22' and 23 formed from the lower and upperedges therefrom or connected thereto. Ears 22' are not pointed and arepreferably formed along or bent over on an edge normal to thelongitudinal axis of upper body portion 20a. They are preferably thewidth that the intermediate body portion 20b is reduced on each sidefrom upper body portion 20a. Upper tertiary ears 23 are positionedadjacent the outer edges of the upper edge of the upper body portion 20aand are preferably pointed as shown. Raised ridge 27 on the sideopposite the secondary and tertiary ear extension carries perforationsor openings 21. Ridge 27 extends substantially the length of upper bodyportion 20a and into intermediate body portion 20b to improve strengthand rigidity of the clip, A length scale 28, preferably an inch scale,is provided along one longitudinal edge of the side of upper bodyportion 28' opposite from the direction of extension of the secondaryand tertiary ears. The rest of the characteristics of clip 20',particularly primary ears 20c and 20:! are identical to thecharacteristics of clip 20.

FIGS. 5 and 11 show clips 20 and 20 engaged with an exterior runner orfurring channel generally designated 29. Exterior runner 29 comprises anelongate metallic strip L-shaped in transverse cross section, the legs29a and 29b of the L preferably of equal length. The free longitudinaledges of legs 29a and 2% are crimped over or extruded to providechannels or L-shaped flanges 290 of the same character as channels 25band 250 and 260 and 26d whereby to receive thereunder the respectiveouter edges of clips 20 or 20, bent as seen. The clearance of edges 29cand 29d from strips 29a and 29b is the same as previously mentioned.However, the width thereof may be less than the width of thecorresponding edges in the runners shown in FIGS. 14, inclusive. Thelength of legs 29a and 29]; must be such that, when ears 20c and 20d or20c and 20d are rotated and fitted into the channel guides asillustrated, the outer edges thereof substantially abut the limitingedges of strips 29a and 2%. It should be noted that clips 20 and 20 maybe engaged with the exterior runner in either manner as seen in FIGS. 5and 11, whereby to position the exterior runner member 29 eitherperpendicular or parallel to the surface against which the clip isattached.

The manner of attachment of the furring clips to wood furring strips insupporting the exterior channel or runner is seen in the lower leftcenter and lower right center of FIG. 8 in the connection of FIG. 5,while the connection of FIG. 11 is substantially shown in the lower leftcenter and lower right center of FIG. 13. The dotted line showing ofFIG. 11 comprises the bending of the upper body portion of the clip soas to attach it to a wood furring strip or joist of limited width.

Referring to FIG. 8, therein is shown the manner of mounting and usingfurring strip 20, together with the furring channels or runners of FIGS.1 and 2, 3 and 4,

Sand 11. Numeral designates a joist in the ceiling of a room to whichare attached on one side thereof wooden furring strips 31 and 32 bynails 33. The joist and other joist members like it and parallel theretoare supported by an I-beam 34. Pipes 35 and 36 run under joist 30 normalthereto as does heating or ventilation duct 37.

The goal of the panel suspension system is to furr the ceiling panelsneatly below, around and enclosing the ceiling structure member andother system structures of the house or building to provide anattractive panel system, covering up and enclosing I-beams, heatingducts and pipes and other miscellaneous like members. To accomplishthis, furring clips 38 and 39 are nailed by nails 40 to the verticalside of the joist whereby to extend vertically downwardly therebelowwith the lower engaging ear portions thereof. Transversely attached toone side face of each wood furring strip 31 and 32 (connected to joist30 by nails 33) are two furring clips 41 and 42 by nails 43. Secondaryears 22 of clips 41 and 42 engage the lower side edges of wood furringstrips 31 and 32 to achieve the desired mounting angle. The upper edgesof clips 41 and 42 analogous toportions 20a may be trimmed as seen tomatch the edges of the wood furring strips or other furring clipsupporting members. One other furring clip 44 is attached by nails 45 tothe side face of wood furring strip 31 (above clip 41) extending in ahorizontal direction. A flat runner or furring channel 46 (per FIG. 1)is engaged by the lower primary ears of furring clip 38 whereby toextend in a horizontal direaction, normal to the side of joist 30 towhich clip 38 is attached. An interior runner or furring channel 47 isengaged by the ears of furring clip 44 in the manner shown in FIG. 3.Insulation panels 48 and 49 each are carried on one edge thereof bycross runner 46 and panel 49 by the other edge thereof on interiorrunner 47.It should be noted that the edges of panels 48 and 49 abut theintermediate body portion 38a of clip 38, while resting on theoverturned clip ear engaging edges 46a and 46b of flush channel 46.

Clips 41 and 42 engage exterior furring runners or channels in theprecise manner as shown in FIG. 5, that is, with the channels extendingnormal to the face of the furring strip which'carries the furring clipupper body portions. The lower edges of insulation panel strips 52 and53 are carried between the upwardly extending flanges of channels 50 and51 and intermediate body portions 41a and 42a of clips 41 and 42. Theupper edge of panel 52 is received against intermediate body portion 44aof clip 44. The upper edge of panel 53 is received between the side faceof furring strip 32 and one leg of interior furring channel or runner 54which is engaged by furring clip 39 in the manner shown in FIG. 3.Insulation panel 55 of relatively great width is carried on one L leg offurring channels or strips 50 and 51 with the side edges thereofabutting intermediate body portions 41a and 42a of clips 41 and 42.

Insulation panel 56 is carried on one edge thereof by the end of one Lleg of runner 54 abutting against intermediate body portion 39a of clip39 and at the other side edge thereof by exterior furring channel orrunner 57 which is nailed or otherwise fixedly attached to the outerwall 58 of the room. The opposite ends of the insulation panels 48, 49,52, 55, 53 and 56 are mounted on the opposite ends of the variousfurring channels and strips previously described with like furring clipssupporting the same spaced from their opposite numbers above described.

Reference is now made to FIG. 6 wherein is shown connecting means for anintersection of the end one flush runner or furring channel 25 with theside edge another like flush runner or channel in a T-connection. Itshould be noted that two flush runners, one flush runner and oneinterior furring channel as in FIG. 3 or two interior furring channelsas in FIG. 3 may be connected by this means and in this manner. Likewiseconnections may be made with the furring strips and channels of FIG. 9and FIG. 10 between themselves or other of the members immediatelybefore mentioned. For distinction of the two FIG. 1 type flush runnersshown in FIG. 6, the numerals identifying the parts of one will beprimed. The connecting means comprises an elongated flat strip of metal59 of a width and thickness to frictionally slide and engage in thechannels on a flush runner 25, here 25. Hook strip 60 is provided havinga rise flange 60a thereon of a height such that top connector plate 60bthereof will overlie channel edge 250 with hook-in portion 600 engagedunder overturned edge 25c. Plate 60b is of greater length than the widthof channel edge 250.

A punch-out flange 59a may be provided to aid movement of plate 50sliding in channel 25'. To engage channel 25' with channel 25, plate 59is slid. therealong until close to channel 25. The free end 25d ofchannel 25' is then elevated slightly to permit the hook end 600 ofengaging member 60 to slide over edge 250. End 25d is then dropped andplate 59 slid to the left in FIG. 6 to engage the hook with the edge25c. Disengagement is carried out in the opposite manner.

Reference is now made to FIG. 9 wherein is shown a modified type offlush runner or furring channel which may be compared with theconstruction shown in FIGS 1 and 2. Furring clip 20' has already beendescribed. Flush channel 61 comprises an elongate flat upper strip 61ahaving overlying edges 61b and 610 analogous to the channel constructionof FIG. 1, but with, in addition, a vertical flange fixed centrally tothe opposite face thereof as at 61d which has itself an elongate strip61e fixed normal thereto like strip 61a, of the same substantial width.A furring clip 20 or 20' may engage therewith in the manner shown ineither FIG. 1, FIG. 2 or FIG. 9, the latter essentialy the same as FIG.2.

FIG. 10 shows a variation on the interior runner or furring channel 26shown in FIG. 3. This member is generally designated 62 and comprisestwo L legs 62:: and 62b in transverse cross section which have L flangesor inturned edge analogues 620 62 inclusive, on the outside faces of theL legs. The distinction between the structures of FIGS. 3 and 10 lies inthe provision of an extra pair of flanges 62c and 62f, say on the outerother L leg face. It should be observed that the furring runners in anyof the constructions shown in any of the figures can be either multiplyconfigured or bent elongate strips as in FIG. 3 or aluminum or otherlike metal extrusions as seen in FIGS. 9 and 10.

Referring to FIG. 12, therein is shown a corner engagement membergenerally designated 63 exploded from its engagement with, an interiorrunner, on the left (per FIG. 10) and an exterior runner on the rightper FIG. 11. Member 63 has three square or rectangular panel members63a-c, inclusive, joined at right angles to one another at the sideedges thereof to form a cubic corner, the outwardly extending adjacentfree edges thereof having engagement plates 63d-g, inclusive, thereonadapted to frictionally engage space and connect members such as thosedescribed. It should be noted that plates 63d-g, inclusive, should be ofsuch size and so placed On the edges mounting them that there will besuch described fit. Thus, the opposed most distant edges of plates 63gand 63 must substantially seat against the channel interior edges of theexterior runner 29 and likewise with the opposed, furthest away edges ofplates 63d and relative to the other furring member.

Referring to FIG. 13, as previously mentioned, a ceiling installation ofthe channel members of FIGS. 9-11 with the subject furring clips istherein shown. Thus a plurality of vertically disposed furring clips64-68, inclusive, are connected by the upper body portion thereof tojoist 69 which extends between walls 70 and 71. An I-beam 72 supportsthe ceiling joists, while duct or pipe 73 runs parallel thereto. It .isdesired to provide a furred panel suspension system relative to theselatter members.

Wooden furring strips 74 and 75 are attached by nails 76 to the visibleface of joist 69 with the lower edges thereof angled 45 as seen. Woodenfurring strip 77 is also connected to joist 69 by nails 76 with thelower end thereof squared off. A plurality of flush furring channels ofthe type seen in FIG. 9 are connected or engaged with the ears offurring clips 64-66, inclusive but in a manner 90 opposed to theconnection illustrated in FIG. 9, that is, with the upper body portionsof the clips at right angles to the longitudinal axis of the flushfurring channel 61. Additional flush furring channels of the type shownin FIG. 9 are connected by nails or other conventional means to the sideof wooden furring strip 77 and the side of joist 69 as seen as 8184,inclusive. An interior runner 85 which may be either of the constructionshown in FIG. 10 or that in FIGS. 3 and 4 is connected to or engaged byfurring strip 67 in the manner of FIG. 3, that is, with the runnerextending normal to the surface mounting the furring strip upper face.Likewise, another interior runner 86 is mounted by furring clip 68 inthe same manner. It should be particularly noted that the secondary earsof the type shown at 22 in FIG. 9 will locate the desired position ofclip 68 relative to joist 69, namely, normal to the lower edge thereof.

A pair of furring clips 87 and 88 engaging exterior furring channels 89and 90 of the types shown in FIGS. and 11, (in the manner of FIG. 11)are connected to the angled lower faces of the wooden furring strips 74and 75.

Panel elements 91-100, inclusive, are carried by the various channels.Thus, panel 91 is carried between two flush furring channels of the typeshown in FIG. 9, as are panels 92, 99 and 100, although the latter arenailed or otherwise fixedly attached to the under side of the joist,rather than carried by furring clips. Panels 93 and 98 are carriedbetween a flush furring channel of the type shown in FIG. 9 and aninterior furring channel of the type shown in FIG. or FIGS. 3 and 4.Panels 94 and 97 are carried between the latter type furring channelsand the exterior furring type channels 89 and 90. Panels 95 and 96 arecarried between the latter type of furring channels and the flushfurring strip or channel shown in FIG. 9.

With the use of resilient snap-in type ceiling panels of the type shownin the patent to J. F. Stephens No. 2,994,112, issued Aug. 1, 1961,Acoustical Insulation Paneling System, it will be seen that all of thefurring clips and the suspension channels carried thereby are readilyaccessible for repair, replacement or removal. Snap in ormultidimensionally resilient panels of the type disclosed in saidStephens patent as seen at the left in FIG. 2 between member 7880involving I-I members as in FIG. 9 is particularly useful and valuablewith the panel retained between the H legs and readily snapped in andout of the system for various purposes as in the Stephens patent and itsparent case.

From the foregoing it 'will be seen that this invention is one Welladapted to attain all of the ends and objects hereinabove set forthtogether with other advantages 8 which are obvious and which areinherent to the structure.

It will be understood that certain features and subcombinations are ofutility and may be employed without reference to other features andsubcombinations. This is contemplated by and is within the scope of theclaims.

As many possible embodiments may be made'of the invention withoutdeparting from the scope thereof, it is to be understood that all matterherein set forth or shown in the accompanying drawings is to beinterpreted as illustrative and not in a limiting sense.

Having thus described my invention, I claim:

A furring clip and flush runner strip engaged to provide a furringassembly, comprising,

in the furring clip, an upper elongate flat body portion havingintegrally attached thereto at the lower end thereof a lower bodyportion,

the latter comprising a pair of opposed, rectangular ears exetndingoutwardly in the same plane and in opposite directions from one anotherand normal to the fiat sides of said upper body portion,

each one of said ears extending on one flat side of said body portionand extending laterally past the side edge of said upper body portion,

the combined width of said ears, including their said lateral extension,greater than the width of the upper body portion thereabove, thecombined length of the ears, including their extension outwardly fromthe flat sides of the upper body portion equal to the combined width ofthe ears,

the runner strip comprising an elongate strip having connected to eachside edge thereof and overlying on the same single face thereof anelongate flange L- shaped in cross section,

the lower body portion ears of said clip engaged with said flanges inone of the length and width-wise orientations thereof,

and rotatable 90 for re-engagement with said flanges in the other ofsaid orientations,

the distance between adjacent opposed runner strip overlying fiangeedges less than the length and widthwise extensions of said lower bodyportion ears,

the width of the upper body portion above the lower body portion earsless than the distance between adjacent opposed runner strip overlyingflange edges.

References Cited UNITED STATES PATENTS 2,152,418 3/1939 Olsen 524842,143,980 1/1939 Guastavino 52-484 2,307,653 1/1943 Wright 52-484 X2,900,677 8/1959 Yetter 52-484 2,971,617 2/1961 Smith 52484 3,039,5716/1962 Hovind 52-484 FOREIGN PATENTS 769,437 1957 Great Britain.

JOHN E. MURTAGH, Primary Examiner.

